The Biofuel vs Electric Vehicle Debate: Which Path Wins?

The transportation fuel debate pits battery EVs against biofuels as the path to decarbonization. EVs have momentum (Tesla, BYD, policy support) but face battery material constraints and charging infrastructure gaps. Biofuels (ethanol, biodiesel, sustainable aviation fuel) work with existing engines and infrastructure. For aviation and shipping where batteries are too heavy, biofuels may be the only viable path. The likely outcome: EVs dominate passenger vehicles while biofuels power aviation, shipping, and legacy fleet vehicles.