Why the US-China Chip War Extends Beyond Chips to Every Layer of the Supply Chain

The tech cold war targets every layer: chip design (EDA software restrictions), manufacturing equipment (ASML export controls), advanced packaging, chipmaking chemicals, and talent (visa restrictions on Chinese STEM students). The scope shows this isn't just about chips — it's about containing China's entire high-tech industrial capability. China's response: massive domestic investment in every restricted layer. The war's outcome will be determined by which side achieves self-sufficiency faster across the full stack.